Bahut se unit mein costing ka matlab hai "yarn ka rate dekh ke upar 5–6 rupaye jod do". Jab tak bijli, pagar aur overhead ka hisaab alag-alag nahi dekhoge, pata nahi chalega ki kaunsi quality sach mein kama rahi hai. Is guide mein ek meter grey kapde ka poora kharcha, step by step.
Do hisse: yarn aur conversion
Yarn — tana aur vana, wastage ke saath. Aam taur pe yeh kul kharche ka sabse bada hissa hota hai. Conversion — yarn ko kapda banane ka kharcha: bijli, karigar ki pagar, overhead, beam (warping + bhidan) aur mending-folding-packing.
Yarn: 1 meter mein kitna kg
Denier = 9,000 meter dhaage ka gram. Isliye 1 meter kapde ka yarn ÷ 90,00,000 (9,000 × 1,000) se nikalta hai:
Vana kg / m = pick × panna (inch) × vana denier × (1 + vana wastage%) ÷ 90,00,000
Yarn ₹ / m = tana kg × tana rate + vana kg × vana rate
Crimp aur wastage alag cheez hain. Crimp woh extra tana hai jo kapde ke andar upar-neeche ghoom ke lagta hai. Wastage woh hai jo kapde mein jaata hi nahi — toot, kinara, beam ka bacha hua, cone ka aakhri hissa.
Conversion: loom ka roz ka meter
Bijli, pagar aur overhead din ya mahine ke hisaab se lagte hain, isliye pehle ek loom ka roz ka meter chahiye:
Bijli ₹ / m = kW × roz ke ghante × ₹ per unit ÷ roz ka meter
Overhead ₹ / m = (mahine ka overhead ÷ kaam ke din) ÷ roz ka meter
Beam ₹ / m = ek beam ka warping + bhidan ÷ us beam se kapde ka meter
Poora udaharan
Quality: 8,200 taar × 60 denier, crimp 10%, tana wastage 2%; vana 150 denier, 50 pick, panna 65.5 inch, vana wastage 3%. Loom 700 RPM, 85% efficiency, 12-12 ghante ki 2 shift. Rate sirf samajhne ke liye maane gaye hain.
- Tana: 8,200 × 60 × 1.10 × 1.02 ÷ 90,00,000 = 0.0613 kg / m → ₹800 / kg pe ₹49.07
- Vana: 50 × 65.5 × 150 × 1.03 ÷ 90,00,000 = 0.0562 kg / m → ₹550 / kg pe ₹30.92
- Roz ka meter: 700 × 60 × 24 × 0.85 ÷ 1,968.5 = 435 m
| Kharcha | Kaise | ₹ / m |
|---|---|---|
| Tana + vana | upar se | 79.99 |
| Bijli | 4 kW × 24 ghante × ₹8 = ₹768 roz ÷ 435 m | 1.76 |
| Pagar | per meter | 2.50 |
| Overhead | ₹6,000 / loom / mahina ÷ 26 din ÷ 435 m | 0.53 |
| Beam | ₹2,400 per beam ÷ 8,000 m | 0.30 |
| Mending, folding, packing | per meter | 0.50 |
| Lagat | yarn 79.99 + conversion 5.59 | 85.58 |
Yahi number Fabric Costing calculator ke Recipe tab mein daal ke yarn ka hissa check kar sakte ho. Wahan tane ka wastage alag khaana nahi hai, toh WST ko wastage ke saath daalo: 110 × 1.02 = 112.2.
Lagat se bechne ka rate
Dalali aur udhaar ka byaaj bechne ke rate pe lagta hai, lagat pe nahi. 1% dalali aur 60 din ke udhaar pe 12% saalana byaaj = 1% + 12% × 60 ÷ 365 = 2.97%.
Margin ke saath rate = lagat ÷ (1 − dalali% − byaaj% − margin%)
Udaharan mein: 85.58 ÷ 0.9703 = lagbhag ₹88.2 — isse neeche bechna ghaata. 10% margin chahiye toh 85.58 ÷ 0.8703 = lagbhag ₹98.3. Udhaar ke din ka asar byaaj aur credit days guide mein.
Paise per pick se milao
Conversion ko pick se bhaag do toh job bhaav ki bhasha mil jaati hai: 5.59 ÷ 50 × 100 = lagbhag 11.2 paise per pick. Job pe bunte ho toh isse kam bhaav mein aapka loom kharcha bhi nahi nikaal raha. Party ka bhaav ₹ / m, paise per pick ya ₹ per lakh pick mein ho — job rate calculator mein badal ke milao.
Aam galtiyaan
- Bill ka rate, landed rate nahi. Bhada, dalali, discount — yarn ka asli rate wahi hai jo godown tak pahuncha.
- Wastage zero maanna. 2–3% wastage chhoti lagti hai, par ₹80 ke yarn pe har meter ₹1.60 se ₹2.40 ka fark.
- Efficiency 100% maan lena. Roz ka meter kam hua toh bijli, pagar aur overhead per meter badh jaate hain. Asli number loom efficiency guide se nikalo.
- Count ko denier ki jagah daalna. 40s cotton = 5,315 ÷ 40 = 132.9 denier. Denier vs count dekho.
- Ek costing saalon tak chalana. Yarn rate badla, bijli ka bill badla — costing bhi dobara karo.
Loomiro mein
Loomiro ke Costing mein quality chunte hi reed, pick, panna, taar, denier aur pichli kharidi ka yarn rate apne aap bhar jaate hain. Bijli, pagar (per meter, per lakh pick ya mahina), overhead, beam aur dalali-byaaj daalo — cost per meter ka poora breakdown, break-even, margin pe sale rate aur paise per pick ek saath. Costing save karo, 2–4 quality compare karo, aur baad mein plan ko asli production aur kharche se milao.
Udaharan ke rate (yarn, bijli, overhead) sirf hisaab samjhane ke liye hain, bazaar ka bhaav nahi. Apne bill aur apne unit ke number daalo.